digital-drosophila/references/crossref/61d6593577001ee1.json

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T15:29:45Z","timestamp":1776871785996,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":230,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u03b1\u2032\u03b2\u2032 subtype of<jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>mushroom body neurons (MBn) is required for memory acquisition, consolidation and early memory retrieval after aversive olfactory conditioning. However,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>functional imaging studies have failed to detect an early forming memory trace in these neurons as reflected by an enhanced G-CaMP signal in response to presentation of the learned odor. Moreover, whether cellular memory traces form early after conditioning in the mushroom body output neurons (MBOn) downstream of the \u03b1\u2032\u03b2\u2032 MBn remains unknown. Here, we show that aversive olfactory conditioning suppresses the calcium responses to the learned odor in both \u03b1\u20323 and \u03b1\u20322 axon segments of \u03b1\u2032\u03b2\u2032 MBn and in the dendrites of \u03b1\u20323 MBOn immediately after conditioning using female flies. Notably, the cellular memory traces in both \u03b1\u20323 MBn and \u03b1\u20323 MBOn are short-lived and persist for &lt;30 min. The suppressed response in \u03b1\u20323 MBn is accompanied by a reduction of acetylcholine (ACh) release, suggesting that the memory trace in postsynaptic \u03b1\u20323 MBOn may simply reflect the suppression in presynaptic \u03b1\u20323 MBn. Furthermore, we show that the \u03b1\u20323 MBn memory trace does not occur from the inhibition of GABAergic neurons via GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor activation. Because activation of the \u03b1\u20323 MBOn drives approach behavior of adult flies, our results demonstrate that aversive conditioning promotes avoidance behavior through suppression of the \u03b1\u20323 MBn\u2013MBOn circuit.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>learn to avoid an odor if that odor is repeatedly paired with electric shock. Mushroom body neurons (MBns) are known to be major cell types that mediate this form of aversive conditioning. Here we show that aversive conditioning causes a reduced response to the conditioned odor in an axon branch of one subtype of the MBn for no more than 30 min after conditioning, and in the dendrites of postsynaptic, MB output neurons (MBOns). Because experimenter-induced activation of the MBOn induces approach behavior by the fly, our data support a model that aversive learning promotes avoidance by suppressing the MBn\u2013MBOn synapses that normally promote attraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1420-19.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T22:17:57Z","timestamp":1569536277000},"page":"9164-9172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Aversive Training Induces Both Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Suppression in<i>Drosophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel 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