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However, the functional implications of compartmentalized activity for the wider neural circuit are often unclear. We addressed this problem in the\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    mushroom body, whose principal neurons, Kenyon cells, receive feedback inhibition from a non-spiking interneuron called the anterior paired lateral (APL) neuron. We used local stimulation and volumetric calcium imaging to show that APL inhibits Kenyon cells\u2019 dendrites and axons, and that both activity in APL and APL\u2019s inhibitory effect on Kenyon cells are spatially localized (the latter somewhat less so), allowing APL to differentially inhibit different mushroom body compartments. Applying these results to the\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    hemibrain connectome predicts that individual Kenyon cells inhibit themselves via APL more strongly than they inhibit other individual Kenyon cells. These findings reveal how cellular physiology and detailed network anatomy can combine to influence circuit function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.56954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T10:00:19Z","timestamp":1600682419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.56954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Localized inhibition in the Drosophila mushroom body"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7884-4815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hoger","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8174-4372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthi A","family":"Apostolopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5374-7963","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raquel","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Vrontou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-9765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew C","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2019.06.003","article-title":"Neuronal mechanisms underlying innate and learned olfactory processing in Drosophila","volume":"36","author":"Amin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Insect Science"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921294117","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body in vivo","volume":"117","author":"Apostolopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/jbiol108","article-title":"A circuit supporting concentration-invariant odor perception in Drosophila","volume":"8","author":"Asahina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. 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